Zimbabwe has made history by becoming the fifth African nation to abolish the death penalty, joining the ranks of countries that prioritize human rights and rehabilitation over capital punishment. President Emmerson Mnangagwa signed the Death Penalty Abolition Bill into law on December 31, 2024, effectively commending 59 inmates on death row to re-sentencing by High Court judges .

President Mnangagwa’s personal experience played a significant role in the decision to abolish the death penalty. Having been sentenced to death in the 1960s for his involvement in the country’s independence struggle, Mnangagwa’s perspective on capital punishment shifted over time. This move is seen as a testament to his commitment to human rights and rehabilitation .

Despite the abolition, a recent Afrobarometer survey revealed that over half of Zimbabweans believe the death penalty is a fair punishment for serious crimes. However, a notable minority disagreed, citing no crime warrants such a sentence. This dichotomy highlights the complex dynamics within Zimbabwean society, where demands for justice coexist with a preference for non-violent approaches to punishment .

The abolition of the death penalty has brought relief to 59 inmates who had been awaiting execution. High Court judges will now re-sentence these individuals, taking into account factors such as the severity of their crimes, time spent awaiting execution, and individual circumstances.

Human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, have welcomed Zimbabwe’s decision to abolish the death penalty. This move is seen as a significant step towards strengthening human rights and promoting rehabilitation over punishment .

The abolition of the death penalty marks a new era for Zimbabwe’s justice system, prioritizing rehabilitation and human rights. As the country moves forward, it will be crucial to monitor the impact of this decision on crime rates and public perception.

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